NCT07087184 · University of California, San Francisco
Gauging Outcomes of Total Milk Ingestion on Lipid and gControl
(GOT MILC)
What this study is about
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. The cardiovascular impact of milk consumption remains a matter of long-standing scientific debate. Current guidelines for Americans recommend three daily servings of fat-free or low-fat (1%) dairy over full-fat options due to concerns that saturated fat may increase cardiovascular risk.
View original scientific description
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. The cardiovascular impact of milk consumption remains a matter of long-standing scientific debate. Current guidelines for Americans recommend three daily servings of fat-free or low-fat (1%) dairy over full-fat options due to concerns that saturated fat may increase cardiovascular risk. Yet, the literature does not consistently support non-fat dairy as superior to high-fat dairy for reducing cardiometabolic risk. Identifying the comparative health benefits of non-fat versus high-fat dairy milk would be immediately applicable to patients who seek cardiovascular care. In this randomized, case-crossover trial, the investigators seek to efficiently assess the association between high-fat versus non-fat dairy milk consumption and insulin resistance. Utilizing the Eureka Platform, participants will be randomized to limit their liquid milk consumption to whole milk followed by skim milk (or vice versa), measuring the effect of milk fat content on glycemic index and lipid profile.
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL
Whole Milk-Skim Milk
If randomized to the whole milk-skim milk treatment sequence, participants will be instructed to restrict their liquid milk consumption to only whole milk for the first 2 months and to only skim milk for the last 2 months of the enrollment period. Participants will receive weekly app and text-based message reminders of their randomization assignments.
BEHAVIORAL
Skim Milk-Whole Milk
If randomized to the skim milk-whole milk treatment sequence, participants will be instructed to restrict their liquid milk consumption to only skim milk for the first 2 months and to only whole milk for the last 2 months of the enrollment period. Participants will receive weekly app and text-based message reminders of their randomization assignments.
Primary outcome measures
Difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Time frame: Measured at 2 months and 4 months after intervention initiation
The primary outcome will be a difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with whole-fat milk compared to skim milk during the enrollment period.
Who can participate
This study lists these criteria on ClinicalTrials.gov. A study coordinator reviews eligibility during screening — this page does not determine whether you qualify.
Inclusion criteria
- Are age ≥18 years
- Have a smartphone
- Are able to use the Eureka mobile application
- Consume, on average, at least one cup of dairy milk daily, at least 5 days per week
Exclusion criteria
- Non-English speaker
- Are lactose intolerant
- History of myocardial infarction
- History of type I or type II diabetes
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Plan to change treatment for cholesterol
- Unable to read or sign to provide informed consent
Where
- San Francisco, California
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Frequently asked questions
What is a clinical trial?
A clinical trial is a research study that tests new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures to determine their safety and effectiveness. Trials are carefully designed and monitored to protect participants while advancing medical knowledge.
Is it safe to participate?
Clinical trials follow strict safety guidelines and ethical standards. Trials must be reviewed and approved, and participants are closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the study. You can withdraw at any time if you choose.
Will I be compensated?
Many clinical trials offer compensation for your time, travel expenses, and inconvenience. The specific compensation varies by study and will be discussed during the screening process. All study-related medical care is typically provided at no cost to participants.
Will I receive a placebo instead of treatment?
When effective treatment exists, participants typically receive either the standard treatment plus the study intervention, or the standard treatment plus placebo. You would not be denied effective care. Placebos are primarily used when no proven treatment is available, or in addition to standard care. Your trial consent form will clearly explain what treatments you may receive.
Can I leave a trial if I change my mind?
Absolutely. Participation in clinical trials is completely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.
How long does a clinical trial last?
Trial duration varies widely depending on the study design and purpose. Some trials last just a few weeks, while others may continue for months or years. The study coordinator will provide specific timeline information during your screening call.
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov · synced Oct 24, 2025 · Source of record for eligibility and locations