Micro/Nanobubbles (MNBs) for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Wounds

DRUG

Micro/nanobubble (MNB) - Irrigation

An MNB solution will be used as an irrigation solution to improve wound oxygenation in ischemic tissue (e.g. ischemic surgical tissue, traumatic wounds, and failing replants). The MNB solution will be used in wet-to-dry wound care dressings with daily scheduled dressing changes.

OTHER

0.9% Normal Saline - Irrigation

A normal saline solution will be used as an irrigation solution to improve wound oxygenation in ischemic tissue (e.g. ischemic surgical tissue, traumatic wounds, and failing replants). The normal saline solution will be used in wet-to-dry wound care dressings with daily scheduled dressing changes.

DRUG

Micro/nanobubble (MNB) - Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation (NPWTi)

NPWTi with MNB will be applied to the wound with 20-minute instillation periods every 3 hours (standard instillation settings) with dressing changes every 3-5 days.

OTHER

0.9% Normal Saline - Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation (NPWTi)

NPWTi with normal saline will be applied to the wound with 20-minute instillation periods every 3 hours (standard instillation settings) with dressing changes every 3-5 days.

Wound total oxygen saturation level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Imaging (NIRS) (KENT SnapShot https://www.kentimaging.com/product/) will be used to assess wound oxygenation saturation levels prior to the MNB or normal saline application. This will provide the investigators with a baseline oxygen saturation measurement. The NIRS KENT SnapShot is an FDA approved non-contact-based imaging modality used to assess wound/tissue oxygenation in the clinical setting and is currently available in the investigators' research laboratory.

Wound Size/ Surface Area (cm^2)

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

Daily photographs taken before initiation of treatment and during treatment.

Analysis of wound pH

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups, and a pH strip will be used to measure the pH.

Wound oxyhemoglobin concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Imaging (NIRS) (KENT SnapShot https://www.kentimaging.com/product/) will be used to assess wound oxyhemoglobin concentration levels prior to the MNB or normal saline application. This will provide the investigators with a baseline oxygen tension measurement. The NIRS KENT SnapShot is an FDA approved non-contact-based imaging modality used to assess wound/tissue oxygenation in the clinical setting and is currently available in the investigators' research laboratory.

Wound deoxyhemoglobin concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Imaging (NIRS) (KENT SnapShot https://www.kentimaging.com/product/) will be used to assess wound deoxyhemoglobin concentration levels prior to the MNB or normal saline application. This will provide the investigators with a baseline oxygen tension measurement. The NIRS KENT SnapShot is an FDA approved non-contact-based imaging modality used to assess wound/tissue oxygenation in the clinical setting and is currently available in the investigators' research laboratory.

Analysis of wound GM-CSF concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess GM-CSF concentration levels.

Analysis of wound interferon concentration levels

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess the following interferon concentration levels: IFN alpha, IFN gamma. \*These levels will be reported in the same units of measure.

Analysis of wound interleukin (IL) concentration levels

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess the following interleukin concentration levels: IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A (CTLA-8), IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31. \*These levels will be reported in the same units of measure.

Analysis of wound tumor necrosis factor (TNF) concentration levels

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess the following TNF concentration levels: TNF alpha, TNF beta. \*These levels will be reported in the same units of measure.

Analysis of wound Eotaxin (CCL11) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess Eotaxin (CCL11) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound GRO alpha (CXCL1) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess GRO alpha (CXCL1) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound IP-10 (CXCL10) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess IP-10 (CXCL10) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound MCP-1 (CCL2) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MCP-1 (CCL2) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound MIP-1 alpha (CCL3) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MIP-1 alpha (CCL3) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound MIP-1 beta (CCL4) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MIP-1 beta (CCL4) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound RANTES (CCL5) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess RANTES (CCL5) concentration levels.

Analysis of wound SDF-1 alpha concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess SDF-1 alpha concentration levels.

Analysis of wound matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MMP1 concentration level.

Analysis of wound matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MMP8 concentration level.

Analysis of wound matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) concentration level

Time frame: 2-4 weeks

With each dressing change, a non-traumatic vidal curette will be used to collect wound exudate in both groups. The proteins will then be extracted by standard methods, and ELISA kits will be used to assess MMP 13 concentration level.

What is a clinical trial?

A clinical trial is a research study that tests new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures to determine their safety and effectiveness. Trials are carefully designed and monitored to protect participants while advancing medical knowledge.

Is it safe to participate?

Clinical trials follow strict safety guidelines and ethical standards. Trials must be reviewed and approved, and participants are closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the study. You can withdraw at any time if you choose.

Will I be compensated?

Many clinical trials offer compensation for your time, travel expenses, and inconvenience. The specific compensation varies by study and will be discussed during the screening process. All study-related medical care is typically provided at no cost to participants.

Will I receive a placebo instead of treatment?

When effective treatment exists, participants typically receive either the standard treatment plus the study intervention, or the standard treatment plus placebo. You would not be denied effective care. Placebos are primarily used when no proven treatment is available, or in addition to standard care. Your trial consent form will clearly explain what treatments you may receive.

Can I leave a trial if I change my mind?

Absolutely. Participation in clinical trials is completely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.

How long does a clinical trial last?

Trial duration varies widely depending on the study design and purpose. Some trials last just a few weeks, while others may continue for months or years. The study coordinator will provide specific timeline information during your screening call.