NCT06109909 · VA Office of Research and Development
Pilot Study of Neurofeedback for Photosensitivity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
What this study is about
The goal of this study is to complete a pilot study testing the feasibility and acceptability of low-intensity pulse-based transcranial stimulation (LIP-tES) neurofeedback intervention for reducing photosensitivity symptoms in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
View original scientific description
The goal of this study is to complete a pilot study testing the feasibility and acceptability of low-intensity pulse-based transcranial stimulation (LIP-tES) neurofeedback intervention for reducing photosensitivity symptoms in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The study will also complete resting-state MRI scans to assess neurophysiological markers of photosensitivity and changes associated with LIP-tES intervention.
Interventions
DEVICE
Micro Current Neurofeedback Device using Low-Frequency Pulse-Based Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
The EEG interface device is a J\&J Engineering 1-330 C2 box. The software used to determine LIP-tES feedback patterns was developed by Neurogen High Performance Neurofeedback. The EEG sampling frequency is 256 Hz on each of 2 EEG acquisition channels. The feedback LIP-tES is delivered via the 4 EEG leads (A+,A-,B+,B-), with respect to the Common Neck Reference. During each session, 2 electrodes (A- and B-) are attached to the participant's left and right mastoids, while the remaining two electrodes (A+ and B+) are moved to various locations on the scale to record EEG signals. All four (A+,A-,B+,B-) electrodes are involved in applying weak electrical pulses back to the brain (feedback process). The brief feedback pulse (\~100mV) is adaptive and determined based on the offset of the frequency spectrum recorded across the left and right hemisphere (A vs. B) electrodes in the time window immediately prior to stimulation.
Primary outcome measures
Change in Utah Photophobia Symptom Impact Scale (UPSIS)
Time frame: Baseline and again every two weeks through end of treatment, average of 6 weeks
The UPSIS questionnaire is a 17-item questionnaire designed to quantitatively assess photosensitivity symptoms and their impact on activities of daily living. Scores range from 0-80 with higher values indicating more severe photosensitivity symptoms.
Who can participate
This study lists these criteria on ClinicalTrials.gov. A study coordinator reviews eligibility during screening — this page does not determine whether you qualify.
Inclusion criteria
- Documented history of mTBI at least 6 months prior to initial study visit
- Documented symptoms of photosensitivity
- Eye exam within the last 12 months documenting best-corrected acuity of 20/20 or better, normal pupillary function, color vision, no abnormalities on OCT scan, and normal Humphrey Visual Field test
Exclusion criteria
- History of strabismus or amblyopia
- Significant ocular media opacity that could reduce the amount of light entering the pupil in one or both eyes
- Previous or current history of retinal or optic nerve pathology in one or both eyes
- History of stroke and/or visual neglect
- History of neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis)
- History of epilepsy or seizures
- History of motor tics
- Current use of medications or substances that may severely affect pupillary response and/or increase photosensitivity
- Individuals with impaired decision-making capacity
- Illiterate or no English language proficiency
Where
- Boston, Massachusetts
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Frequently asked questions
What is a clinical trial?
A clinical trial is a research study that tests new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures to determine their safety and effectiveness. Trials are carefully designed and monitored to protect participants while advancing medical knowledge.
Is it safe to participate?
Clinical trials follow strict safety guidelines and ethical standards. Trials must be reviewed and approved, and participants are closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the study. You can withdraw at any time if you choose.
Will I be compensated?
Many clinical trials offer compensation for your time, travel expenses, and inconvenience. The specific compensation varies by study and will be discussed during the screening process. All study-related medical care is typically provided at no cost to participants.
Will I receive a placebo instead of treatment?
When effective treatment exists, participants typically receive either the standard treatment plus the study intervention, or the standard treatment plus placebo. You would not be denied effective care. Placebos are primarily used when no proven treatment is available, or in addition to standard care. Your trial consent form will clearly explain what treatments you may receive.
Can I leave a trial if I change my mind?
Absolutely. Participation in clinical trials is completely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.
How long does a clinical trial last?
Trial duration varies widely depending on the study design and purpose. Some trials last just a few weeks, while others may continue for months or years. The study coordinator will provide specific timeline information during your screening call.
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov · synced Dec 16, 2025 · Source of record for eligibility and locations