Making Intergenerational Connections Through Arts

BEHAVIORAL

Conversation about arts and culture

intergenerational conversation about arts and culture between older adults and international students who native language is not English.

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale

Time frame: baseline

(ULS-8, Hays \& Dimatteo, 1987) measures one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. It has 8 items rated on a 4-level frequency score scale (0=never to 3=always) with higher scores indicating a higher degree of loneliness. Some items require reverse scoring.

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale

Time frame: at 10 weeks

(ULS-8, Hays \& Dimatteo, 1987) measures one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. It has 8 items rated on a 4-level frequency score scale (0=never to 3=always) with higher scores indicating a higher degree of loneliness. Some items require reverse scoring.

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale

Time frame: at 2 months

(ULS-8, Hays \& Dimatteo, 1987) measures one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. It has 8 items rated on a 4-level frequency score scale (0=never to 3=always) with higher scores indicating a higher degree of loneliness. Some items require reverse scoring.

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale

Time frame: baseline

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale - 6 items) measures one's emotional loneliness (lack of intimate relationship, 3 items) and social loneliness (lack of wider social network, 3 items). There are negatively (1-3) and positively (4-6) worded items. On the negatively worded items, the neutral and positive answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 1-3 score Yes=1, More or less=1, and No=0. On the positively worded items, the neutral and negative answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 4-6, score Yes=0, More or less=1, and No=1. This gives a possible range of scores from 0 to 6, with 0=least lonely, and 6=most lonely.

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale

Time frame: at 10 weeks

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale - 6 items) measures one's emotional loneliness (lack of intimate relationship, 3 items) and social loneliness (lack of wider social network, 3 items). There are negatively (1-3) and positively (4-6) worded items. On the negatively worded items, the neutral and positive answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 1-3 score Yes=1, More or less=1, and No=0. On the positively worded items, the neutral and negative answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 4-6, score Yes=0, More or less=1, and No=1. This gives a possible range of scores from 0 to 6, with 0=least lonely, and 6=most lonely.

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale

Time frame: at 2 months

De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale - 6 items) measures one's emotional loneliness (lack of intimate relationship, 3 items) and social loneliness (lack of wider social network, 3 items). There are negatively (1-3) and positively (4-6) worded items. On the negatively worded items, the neutral and positive answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 1-3 score Yes=1, More or less=1, and No=0. On the positively worded items, the neutral and negative answers are scored as "1". Therefore, on questions 4-6, score Yes=0, More or less=1, and No=1. This gives a possible range of scores from 0 to 6, with 0=least lonely, and 6=most lonely.

Social Connectedness Scale (SCS)

Time frame: baseline

It has 8 items rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale (1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree) with higher scores indicating a more reported sense of social connectedness and belongingness.

Social Connectedness Scale (SCS)

Time frame: at 10 weeks

It has 8 items rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale (1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree) with higher scores indicating a more reported sense of social connectedness and belongingness.

Social Connectedness Scale (SCS)

Time frame: at 2 months

It has 8 items rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale (1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree) with higher scores indicating a more reported sense of social connectedness and belongingness.

Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOSSS)

Time frame: baseline

It has 3 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ( 'none of the time' = 1 to 'all of the time' = 5) with higher scores indicating a more positive social interaction.

Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOSSS)

Time frame: at 10 weeks

It has 3 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ( 'none of the time' = 1 to 'all of the time' = 5) with higher scores indicating a more positive social interaction.

Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOSSS)

Time frame: at 2 months

It has 3 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ( 'none of the time' = 1 to 'all of the time' = 5) with higher scores indicating a more positive social interaction.

What is a clinical trial?

A clinical trial is a research study that tests new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures to determine their safety and effectiveness. Trials are carefully designed and monitored to protect participants while advancing medical knowledge.

Is it safe to participate?

Clinical trials follow strict safety guidelines and ethical standards. Trials must be reviewed and approved, and participants are closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the study. You can withdraw at any time if you choose.

Will I be compensated?

Many clinical trials offer compensation for your time, travel expenses, and inconvenience. The specific compensation varies by study and will be discussed during the screening process. All study-related medical care is typically provided at no cost to participants.

Will I receive a placebo instead of treatment?

When effective treatment exists, participants typically receive either the standard treatment plus the study intervention, or the standard treatment plus placebo. You would not be denied effective care. Placebos are primarily used when no proven treatment is available, or in addition to standard care. Your trial consent form will clearly explain what treatments you may receive.

Can I leave a trial if I change my mind?

Absolutely. Participation in clinical trials is completely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.

How long does a clinical trial last?

Trial duration varies widely depending on the study design and purpose. Some trials last just a few weeks, while others may continue for months or years. The study coordinator will provide specific timeline information during your screening call.