NCT05437705 · University of Pennsylvania
Decoding and Modulating Affective Brain States
What this study is about
The research study is being conducted to study brain patterns of negative emotion and develop personalized brain stimulation protocols to disrupt these patterns with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). First, the investigators will use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data to generate a negative affect map for each participant.
View original scientific description
The research study is being conducted to study brain patterns of negative emotion and develop personalized brain stimulation protocols to disrupt these patterns with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). First, the investigators will use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data to generate a negative affect map for each participant. Then, the investigators will apply a variety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) sequences while the participant is inside the MRI scanner to determine the optimal and least optimal rTMS frequencies at changing negative affect brain states. Finally, these two frequencies will be tested over two 3-day rTMS neuromodulation sessions to assess whether they can reduce negative emotions.
Who can participate
This study lists these criteria on ClinicalTrials.gov. A study coordinator reviews eligibility during screening — this page does not determine whether you qualify.
Inclusion criteria
- 18-65 years old
- Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 score) = or \> than 10
- Comprehension of instructions in the English language.
- Capacity to provide informed consent and follow study procedures.
- Availability for the duration of the study.
Exclusion criteria
- Diagnosis of bipolar disorder (as PI discretion), schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
- Recent use of psychoactive medications or substances as determined by investigators
- History of neurological disorder or traumatic brain injury (other than mild)
- Unable to have an MRI scan, or current or prior medical condition that could interfere with the collection or interpretation of MRI data
- Unable to receive or tolerate TMS
- Implanted devices, such as an aneurysm clip or cardiac pacemaker
- History of stroke, epilepsy, or brain scarring
- Pregnant, nursing, or trying to become pregnant (self-attestation alone) During this study, participants are asked to:
- Refrain from substance use (including marijuana and illicit drugs) for duration of the study (self-attestation alone).
- Abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before the MRI scans (self-attestation alone).
- Abstain from increasing caffeine intake or begin taking any new medications (self-attestation alone).
Where
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Frequently asked questions
What is a clinical trial?
A clinical trial is a research study that tests new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures to determine their safety and effectiveness. Trials are carefully designed and monitored to protect participants while advancing medical knowledge.
Is it safe to participate?
Clinical trials follow strict safety guidelines and ethical standards. Trials must be reviewed and approved, and participants are closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the study. You can withdraw at any time if you choose.
Will I be compensated?
Many clinical trials offer compensation for your time, travel expenses, and inconvenience. The specific compensation varies by study and will be discussed during the screening process. All study-related medical care is typically provided at no cost to participants.
Will I receive a placebo instead of treatment?
When effective treatment exists, participants typically receive either the standard treatment plus the study intervention, or the standard treatment plus placebo. You would not be denied effective care. Placebos are primarily used when no proven treatment is available, or in addition to standard care. Your trial consent form will clearly explain what treatments you may receive.
Can I leave a trial if I change my mind?
Absolutely. Participation in clinical trials is completely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.
How long does a clinical trial last?
Trial duration varies widely depending on the study design and purpose. Some trials last just a few weeks, while others may continue for months or years. The study coordinator will provide specific timeline information during your screening call.
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov · synced Sep 3, 2025 · Source of record for eligibility and locations